题目
给定一个二叉树的根节点 root ,返回它的 中序 遍历。
示例 1:
1
\
2
/
3
输入:root = [1,null,2,3]
输出:[1,3,2]
示例 2:
输入:root = []
输出:[]
示例 3:
输入:root = [1]
输出:[1]
示例 4:
1
/
2
输入:root = [1,2]
输出:[2,1]
示例 5:
1
\
2
输入:root = [1,null,2]
输出:[1,2]
提示:
- 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 100] 内
- -100 <= Node.val <= 100
进阶:
- 递归算法很简单,你可以通过迭代算法完成吗?
来源:力扣(LeetCode) 链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/binary-tree-inorder-traversal 著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
思路
中序遍历:左 -> 根 -> 右
JS实现
1、递归实现
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* function TreeNode(val, left, right) {
* this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
* this.left = (left===undefined ? null : left)
* this.right = (right===undefined ? null : right)
* }
*/
/**
* @param {TreeNode} root
* @return {number[]}
*/
var helper = function (root, result) {
if (root != null) {
if (root.left != null) {
helper(root.left, result);
}
result.push(root.val);
if (root.right != null) {
helper(root.right, result);
}
}
};
var inorderTraversal = function (root) {
const result = [];
if (root === null) {
return result;
}
helper(root, result);
return result;
};
2、迭代实现
var inorderTraversal = function (root) {
const result = [];
if (root === null) {
return result;
}
// 栈的特点:先进后出
const stack = [];
// 设当前节点为根节点
let curr = root;
while (curr != null || stack.length > 0) {
// 递归获取当前节点的左节点,并入栈
while (curr != null) {
stack.push(curr);
curr = curr.left;
}
// 出栈
curr = stack.pop();
// 保存当前元素的值
result.push(curr.val);
// 设当前节点为右节点
curr = curr.right;
}
return result;
};
Go实现
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
type TreeNode struct {
Val int // 根
Left *TreeNode //左节点
Right *TreeNode //右节点
}
func main() {
/*
1
2 3
21 22 31 32
*/
node1 := TreeNode{Val: 1}
node2 := TreeNode{Val: 2}
node3 := TreeNode{Val: 3}
node21 := TreeNode{Val: 21}
node22 := TreeNode{Val: 22}
node31 := TreeNode{Val: 31}
node32 := TreeNode{Val: 32}
node1.Left = &node2
node1.Right = &node3
node2.Left = &node21
node2.Right = &node22
node3.Left = &node31
node3.Right = &node32
fmt.Println(inorderTraversal1(&node1))
fmt.Println(inorderTraversal2(&node1))
}
func inorderTraversal1(root *TreeNode) (res []int) {
var inorder func(node *TreeNode)
inorder = func(node *TreeNode) {
if node == nil {
return // 结束当前递归
}
inorder(node.Left) // 遍历左子树
res = append(res, node.Val) // 添加根节点到数组里
inorder(node.Right) // 遍历右子树
}
inorder(root)
return
}
func inorderTraversal2(root *TreeNode) (res []int) {
// 定义一个栈,栈存的就是一棵树
stack := []*TreeNode{}
for root != nil || len(stack) > 0 {
for root != nil {
//先根节点,再把所有的左子树入栈
stack = append(stack, root)
root = root.Left
}
//因为先进后出,拿到了最下面的左节点
root = stack[len(stack)-1]
//出栈
stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
//保存结果
res = append(res, root.Val)
//再把所有的右子树入栈
root = root.Right
}
return
}